');mask-image:url('data:image/svg+xml;utf8,');mask-mode:alpha;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain}}.wp-block-image :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}.wp-block-image :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}.wp-lightbox-container button:focus,.wp-lightbox-container button:hover,.wp-lightbox-container button:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background-color:#5a5a5a40;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button:focus,.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button:hover,.wp-lightbox-overlay .close-button:not(:hover):not(:active):not(.has-background){background:none;border:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.show-closing-animation:not(.active){animation:turn-off-visibility .35s both}.wp-lightbox-overlay.show-closing-animation:not(.active) img{animation:turn-off-visibility .25s both}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active){animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .lightbox-image-container{animation:lightbox-zoom-out .4s}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .lightbox-image-container img{animation:none}.wp-lightbox-overlay.zoom.show-closing-animation:not(.active) .scrim{animation:turn-off-visibility .4s forwards}}@keyframes turn-on-visibility{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes turn-off-visibility{0%{opacity:1;visibility:visible}99%{opacity:0;visibility:visible}to{opacity:0;visibility:hidden}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-in{0%{transform:translate(calc((-100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width))/2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale))}to{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1)}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-out{0%{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1);visibility:visible}99%{visibility:visible}to{transform:translate(calc((-100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width))/2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale));visibility:hidden}}:where(.wp-block-latest-comments:not([style*=line-height] .wp-block-latest-comments__comment)){line-height:1.1}:where(.wp-block-latest-comments:not([style*=line-height] .wp-block-latest-comments__comment-excerpt p)){line-height:1.8}.has-dates :where(.wp-block-latest-comments:not([style*=line-height])),.has-excerpts :where(.wp-block-latest-comments:not([style*=line-height])){line-height:1.5}@media (min-width:600px){.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-2 li:nth-child(2n){margin-right:0}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-3 li:nth-child(3n){margin-right:0}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-4 li:nth-child(4n){margin-right:0}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-5 li:nth-child(5n){margin-right:0}.wp-block-latest-posts.columns-6 li:nth-child(6n){margin-right:0}}ol,ul{box-sizing:border-box}.wp-block-navigation:where(:not([class*=has-text-decoration])) a{text-decoration:none}.wp-block-navigation:where(:not([class*=has-text-decoration])) a:active,.wp-block-navigation:where(:not([class*=has-text-decoration])) a:focus{text-decoration:none}.wp-block-navigation .has-child .wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle[aria-expanded=true]~.wp-block-navigation__submenu-container,.wp-block-navigation .has-child:not(.open-on-click):hover>.wp-block-navigation__submenu-container,.wp-block-navigation .has-child:not(.open-on-click):not(.open-on-hover-click):focus-within>.wp-block-navigation__submenu-container{height:auto;min-width:200px;opacity:1;overflow:visible;visibility:visible;width:auto}.wp-block-navigation-item.open-on-click button.wp-block-navigation-item__content:not(.wp-block-navigation-submenu__toggle){padding:0}:where(.wp-block-navigation.has-background .wp-block-navigation-item a:not(.wp-element-button)),:where(.wp-block-navigation.has-background .wp-block-navigation-submenu a:not(.wp-element-button)){padding:.5em 1em}:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-navigation-item a:not(.wp-element-button)),:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-navigation-submenu a:not(.wp-element-button)),:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-navigation-submenu button.wp-block-navigation-item__content),:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-pages-list__item button.wp-block-navigation-item__content){padding:.5em 1em}.wp-block-navigation:not(.has-background) .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #00000026}.wp-block-navigation:not(.has-text-color) .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container{color:#000}@keyframes overlay-menu__fade-in-animation{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(.5em)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container :where(.wp-block-navigation-item a){color:inherit}.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container:not(.is-menu-open.is-menu-open){background-color:inherit!important;color:inherit!important}@media (min-width:600px){.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container:not(.hidden-by-default):not(.is-menu-open){background-color:inherit;display:block;position:relative;width:100%;z-index:auto}.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container:not(.hidden-by-default):not(.is-menu-open) .wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-close{display:none}}.wp-block-navigation:not(.has-background) .wp-block-navigation__responsive-container.is-menu-open{background-color:#fff}.wp-block-navigation:not(.has-text-color) .wp-block-navigation__responsive-container.is-menu-open{color:#000}@media (min-width:600px){.wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-open:not(.always-shown){display:none}}.has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:left;font-size:8.4em;font-style:normal;font-weight:100;line-height:.68;margin:.05em .1em 0 0;text-transform:uppercase}body.rtl .has-drop-cap:not(:focus):first-letter{float:none;margin-left:.1em}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=font-weight] :where(.comment-reply-title){font-weight:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=font-family] :where(.comment-reply-title){font-family:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[class*=-font-size] :where(.comment-reply-title),.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=font-size] :where(.comment-reply-title){font-size:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=line-height] :where(.comment-reply-title){line-height:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=font-style] :where(.comment-reply-title){font-style:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form[style*=letter-spacing] :where(.comment-reply-title){letter-spacing:inherit}.wp-block-post-comments-form input:not([type=submit]),.wp-block-post-comments-form textarea{border:1px solid #949494;font-family:inherit;font-size:1em}.wp-block-post-comments-form input:not([type=submit]):not([type=checkbox]),.wp-block-post-comments-form textarea{padding:calc(.667em + 2px)}.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-form input:not([type=submit]):not([type=checkbox]):not([type=hidden]),.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-form textarea{box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:100%}.wp-block-post-comments-form .comment-reply-title :where(small){font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium,smaller);margin-left:.5em}:where(.wp-block-post-excerpt){margin-bottom:var(--wp--style--block-gap);margin-top:var(--wp--style--block-gap)}.wp-block-post-featured-image:where(.alignleft,.alignright){width:100%}.wp-block-post-navigation-link .wp-block-post-navigation-link__arrow-previous:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1)}.wp-block-post-navigation-link .wp-block-post-navigation-link__arrow-next:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1)}:where(.wp-block-preformatted.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(.wp-block-pullquote){margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-query-pagination .wp-block-query-pagination-previous-arrow:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1)}.wp-block-query-pagination .wp-block-query-pagination-next-arrow:not(.is-arrow-chevron){transform:scaleX(1)}.wp-block-quote.is-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)),.wp-block-quote.is-style-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)){margin-bottom:1em;padding:0 1em}.wp-block-quote.is-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) p,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) p{font-size:1.5em;font-style:italic;line-height:1.6}.wp-block-quote.is-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) cite,.wp-block-quote.is-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) footer,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) cite,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large:where(:not(.is-style-plain)) footer{font-size:1.125em;text-align:right}.wp-block-read-more:where(:not([style*=text-decoration])){text-decoration:none}.wp-block-read-more:where(:not([style*=text-decoration])):active,.wp-block-read-more:where(:not([style*=text-decoration])):focus{text-decoration:none}:where(.wp-block-search__button){border:1px solid #ccc;padding:6px 10px}:where(.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper){border:1px solid #949494;box-sizing:border-box;padding:4px}:where(.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper) .wp-block-search__input{border:none;border-radius:0;padding:0 4px}:where(.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper) .wp-block-search__input:focus{outline:none}:where(.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper) :where(.wp-block-search__button){padding:4px 8px}.wp-block-social-links .wp-social-link span:not(.screen-reader-text){font-size:.65em;margin-left:.5em;margin-right:.5em}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link{background-color:#f0f0f0;color:#444}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-amazon{background-color:#f90;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-bandcamp{background-color:#1ea0c3;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-behance{background-color:#0757fe;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-codepen{background-color:#1e1f26;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-deviantart{background-color:#02e49b;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-dribbble{background-color:#e94c89;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-dropbox{background-color:#4280ff;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-etsy{background-color:#f45800;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-facebook{background-color:#1778f2;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-fivehundredpx{background-color:#000;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-flickr{background-color:#0461dd;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-foursquare{background-color:#e65678;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-github{background-color:#24292d;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-goodreads{background-color:#eceadd;color:#382110}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-google{background-color:#ea4434;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-gravatar{background-color:#1d4fc4;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-instagram{background-color:#f00075;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-lastfm{background-color:#e21b24;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-linkedin{background-color:#0d66c2;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-mastodon{background-color:#3288d4;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-medium{background-color:#02ab6c;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-meetup{background-color:#f6405f;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-patreon{background-color:#000;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-pinterest{background-color:#e60122;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-pocket{background-color:#ef4155;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-reddit{background-color:#ff4500;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-skype{background-color:#0478d7;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-snapchat{background-color:#fefc00;color:#fff;stroke:#000}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-soundcloud{background-color:#ff5600;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-spotify{background-color:#1bd760;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-telegram{background-color:#2aabee;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-threads,.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-tiktok{background-color:#000;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-tumblr{background-color:#011835;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-twitch{background-color:#6440a4;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-twitter{background-color:#1da1f2;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-vimeo{background-color:#1eb7ea;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-vk{background-color:#4680c2;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-wordpress{background-color:#3499cd;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-whatsapp{background-color:#25d366;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-x{background-color:#000;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-yelp{background-color:#d32422;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.is-style-logos-only) .wp-social-link-youtube{background-color:red;color:#fff}.wp-block-social-links:not(.has-icon-color):not(.has-icon-background-color) .wp-social-link-snapchat .wp-block-social-link-label{color:#000}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:#f0f0f0}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes.has-subtle-light-gray-background-color tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:#f3f4f5}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes.has-subtle-pale-green-background-color tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:#e9fbe5}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes.has-subtle-pale-blue-background-color tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:#e7f5fe}.wp-block-table.is-style-stripes.has-subtle-pale-pink-background-color tbody tr:nth-child(odd){background-color:#fcf0ef}.wp-block-table table[style*=border-top-color] tr:not(:first-child){border-top-color:initial}.wp-block-table table[style*=border-bottom-color] tr:not(:last-child){border-bottom-color:initial}:where(.wp-block-term-description){margin-bottom:var(--wp--style--block-gap);margin-top:var(--wp--style--block-gap)}:where(pre.wp-block-verse){font-family:inherit}@supports (position:sticky){.wp-block-video [poster]{object-fit:cover}}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}:root .has-very-light-gray-background-color{background-color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-background-color{background-color:#313131}:root .has-very-light-gray-color{color:#eee}:root .has-very-dark-gray-color{color:#313131}:root .has-vivid-green-cyan-to-vivid-cyan-blue-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#00d084,#0693e3)}:root .has-purple-crush-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#34e2e4,#4721fb 50%,#ab1dfe)}:root .has-hazy-dawn-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#faaca8,#dad0ec)}:root .has-subdued-olive-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fafae1,#67a671)}:root .has-atomic-cream-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#fdd79a,#004a59)}:root .has-nightshade-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#330968,#31cdcf)}:root .has-midnight-gradient-background{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381,#2874fc)}.aligncenter{clear:both}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(img[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0}}body{--wp--preset--color--black:#000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#fff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,#9b51e0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,#7adcb4 0%,#00d082 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,#cf2e2e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,#eee 0%,#a9b8c3 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,#4aeadc 0%,#9778d1 20%,#cf2aba 40%,#ee2c82 60%,#fb6962 80%,#fef84c 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffceec 0%,#9896f0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,#fecda5 0%,#fe2d2d 50%,#6b003e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,#ffcb70 0%,#c751c0 50%,#4158d0 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,#fff5cb 0%,#b6e3d4 50%,#33a7b5 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,#caf880 0%,#71ce7e 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,#020381 0%,#2874fc 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0 -3px rgba(255,255,255,1) , 6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0 rgba(0,0,0,1)}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:.5em}body .is-layout-constrained>:where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width:var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em}.wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color:inherit}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em}@keyframes spin{from{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(360deg)}}@keyframes blink{from{opacity:0}50%{opacity:1}to{opacity:0}}@charset "UTF-8";.post_content h2{font-weight:600;line-height:1.4;margin:3em 0 1.3em;text-align:center}.post_content h4{font-weight:600;line-height:1.6;margin:2.3em 0 1em}.post_content>*:first-child{margin-top:0!important}@media screen and (max-width:767px){.post_content h2{margin:2.5em 0 1em}.post_content h4{margin:2.2em 0 1em}}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.post_content h2{margin:2.3em 0 1em}.post_content h4{margin:2em 0 1em}}.cardlink{word-wrap:break-word;margin:15px 0 2em;padding:20px 20px 15px;border:1px solid #ddd;background:#fafafa;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;align-items:center}.cardlink .image{margin-right:25px}.cardlink .image img{width:130px;height:130px;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.cardlink .content{width:calc(100% - 155px)}.cardlink .title{margin:-3px 0 5px!important;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.7}.cardlink .desc{font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;margin:0!important;max-height:3.4em;overflow:hidden;visibility:visible}.cardlink .desc span{display:-webkit-inline-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:2}@media screen and (max-width:750px){.cardlink{display:block;padding:15px 15px 10px;margin:30px 0 35px!important}.cardlink .image{float:left}.cardlink .image img{width:120px;height:120px}.cardlink .content{width:auto}.cardlink .title_area{width:calc(100% - 145px);float:left;height:120px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;align-items:center}.cardlink .title{margin:-3px 0 0!important;max-height:5.1em;overflow:hidden;visibility:visible}.cardlink .title a{display:-webkit-inline-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:3}.cardlink .desc{clear:both;padding:10px 0 0;max-height:3.4em}.cardlink .desc span{-webkit-line-clamp:2}}@charset "UTF-8";[class^="icon-"]{font-family:"design_plus"!important;line-height:1;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:400;speak:none;text-transform:none;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.icon-feedly:before{content:"\e907"}.icon-hatebu:before{content:"\e908"}.icon-pocket:before{content:"\e90a"}.icon-facebook:before{content:"\e902"}.icon-twitter:before{content:"\e904"}.icon-pinterest:before{content:"\e905"}.share-top{margin-bottom:30px}.share-btm{margin-bottom:50px}.share-type1{width:100%}.share-type1 ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.share-type1 li{display:inline-block;padding:0;text-align:center}.share-type1 li>a:hover{-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,1px,0);transform:translate3d(0,1px,0)}.share-type1 a{min-width:27px;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;margin:0 5px 5px 0;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;color:#fff!important;background:#fafafa;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.03);text-shadow:none;text-align:center;line-height:25px;padding:1px 5px 0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-o-box-sizing:border-box;-ms-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.share-type1 i{position:relative;top:3px;color:#fff;font-size:1.3em;text-shadow:1px 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.1)}.share-type1 .ttl{margin:0 3px 0 2px;text-align:center;line-height:20px}.share-type1 .share-count{display:inline;font-size:9px;color:#fff;padding:0;line-height:25px;margin:0;border-radius:0 1px 1px 0;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-o-box-sizing:border-box;-ms-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}@media screen and (max-width:767px){.share-type1{width:100%}.share-type1 ul{margin-bottom:15px}.share-type1 li>a span{display:none}.share-type1 a{margin-right:2px}.share-type1 i{left:1px}.share-type1 .share-count{margin-left:3px}}@media only screen and (min-width:480px){.share-type3 li:nth-child(4n){margin-right:0}}.share-type1 .twitter a{background-color:#55acee}.share-type1 .twitter a:hover{background-color:#468ec5}.share-type1 ul li.facebook a{background-color:#35629a}.share-type1 ul li.facebook a:hover{background-color:#1f3669}.share-type1 ul li.hatebu>a{background-color:#3c7dd1}.share-type1 ul li.hatebu>a:hover{background-color:#0270ac}.share-type1 ul li.pocket a{background-color:#ee4056}.share-type1 ul li.pocket a:hover{background-color:#c53648}.share-type1 ul li.feedly a{background-color:#6cc655}.share-type1 ul li.feedly>a:hover{background-color:#5ca449}.share-type1 ul li.pinterest a{background-color:#d4121c}.share-type1 ul li.pinterest a:hover{background-color:#a42f35}@media only screen and (min-width:480px){.share-type4 ul.type4 li:nth-child(4n){margin-right:0}}body{font-size:16px}body,input,textarea{font-family:Arial,"Hiragino Sans","ヒラギノ角ゴ ProN","Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN","游ゴシック",YuGothic,"メイリオ",Meiryo,sans-serif}.rich_font,.widget_headline,#global_menu{font-family:Arial,"Hiragino Sans","ヒラギノ角ゴ ProN","Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN","游ゴシック",YuGothic,"メイリオ",Meiryo,sans-serif;font-weight:500}.rich_font_type2{font-family:Arial,"Hiragino Sans","ヒラギノ角ゴ ProN","Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN","游ゴシック",YuGothic,"メイリオ",Meiryo,sans-serif;font-weight:500}.post_content,#next_prev_post{font-family:Arial,"Hiragino Sans","ヒラギノ角ゴ ProN","Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN","游ゴシック",YuGothic,"メイリオ",Meiryo,sans-serif}#global_menu{background:#f3f3f2}#global_menu>ul>li>a,#global_menu>ul>li:first-of-type a{color:#000;border-color:#f3f3f2}#global_menu>ul>li>a:hover{color:#fff;background:#4f3c34;border-color:#4f3c34}#global_menu>ul>li.current-menu-item>a{color:#fff;background:#ff7b00;border-color:#ff7b00}#global_menu ul ul a{color:#fff!important;background:#4f3c34}#global_menu ul ul a:hover{background:#ff7b00}#drawer_menu{background:#ff7b00}#mobile_menu a{color:#fff;border-color:#444}#mobile_menu li li a{background:#4f3c34}#header_message{background:#ff7b00;color:#000;font-size:14px}#header_message a{color:#000}#header_message a:hover{color:#ff7b00}@media screen and (max-width:750px){#header_message{font-size:12px}}#footer_carousel{background:#000}#footer_carousel .title{font-size:14px}#footer_bottom{color:#fff;background:#ff7b00}#footer_bottom a{color:#fff}#return_top a:before{color:#fff}#return_top a{background:#ff7b00}#return_top a:hover{background:#4f3c34}@media screen and (max-width:750px){#footer_carousel .title{font-size:12px}#footer_bottom{color:#000;background:0 0}#footer_bottom a{color:#000}#copyright{color:#fff;background:#ff7b00}}a{color:#000}.widget_headline,.design_headline1{border-color:#ff7b00}#header_search .button label:hover:before{color:#4f3c34}a:hover,#header_logo a:hover,#footer a:hover,#bread_crumb a:hover,#bread_crumb li.home a:hover:after,#next_prev_post a:hover,.single_copy_title_url_btn:hover,#post_meta_bottom a:hover,#searchform .submit_button:hover:before,.p-dropdown__title:hover:after{color:#4f3c34}#menu_button:hover span{background-color:#4f3c34}.post_content a,.custom-html-widget a{color:#1e73be}.post_content a:hover,.custom-html-widget a:hover{color:#ff7b00}.category_list_widget .cat-item-110>a:hover>.count{background-color:#4f3c34;border-color:#4f3c34}.category_list_widget .cat-item-3>a:hover>.count{background-color:#4f3c34;border-color:#4f3c34}.category_list_widget .cat-item-5>a:hover>.count{background-color:#4f3c34;border-color:#4f3c34}.cat_id15{background-color:#4f3c34}.cat_id15:hover{background-color:#ff7b00}.category_list_widget .cat-item-15>a:hover>.count{background-color:#4f3c34;border-color:#4f3c34}.category_list_widget .cat-item-7>a:hover>.count{background-color:#4f3c34;border-color:#4f3c34}.category_list_widget .cat-item-4>a:hover>.count{background-color:#4f3c34;border-color:#4f3c34}.category_list_widget .cat-item-40>a:hover>.count{background-color:#4f3c34;border-color:#4f3c34}.category_list_widget .cat-item-372>a:hover>.count{background-color:#4f3c34;border-color:#4f3c34}.category_list_widget .cat-item-16>a:hover>.count{background-color:#4f3c34;border-color:#4f3c34}.styled_h2{font-size:24px!important;text-align:left!important;color:#ff9a3d;border-top:0 solid #ddd;border-bottom:6px solid #ff9a3d;border-left:0 solid #ddd;border-right:0 solid #ddd;padding:15px 15px 15px 0!important;margin:0 0 30px!important}.styled_h4{font-weight:400!important;font-size:18px!important;text-align:left!important;color:#000;border-top:0 solid #ddd;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;border-left:0 solid #ddd;border-right:0 solid #ddd;padding:3px 0!important;margin:0 0 5px!important}#post_title .title{font-size:36px}#related_post .design_headline1{font-size:22px}#related_post .title{font-size:16px}@media screen and (max-width:750px){#post_title .title{font-size:20px}#related_post .design_headline1{font-size:18px}#related_post .title{font-size:14px}}.rtoc-mokuji-content{background-color:#fff}.rtoc-mokuji-content #rtoc-mokuji-title{color:#405796}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji li>a{color:#5c5f6b}.rtoc-mokuji-content.frame2:before{border-color:#405796!important}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji.level-1>.rtoc-item:before{color:#6a91c1}.rtoc-mokuji-content .decimal_ol>.rtoc-item:after{background-color:#6a91c1}.rtoc-mokuji-content .decimal_ol>.rtoc-item:before{color:#6a91c1}header{border:dashed 1px #999}footer{border:dashed 1px #999}article,footer,header,nav{display:block}p{line-height:2!important}.single-tag-list a{background:#ff7b00;border-radius:20px;color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;padding:5px 15px}.single-tag-list li{display:inline-block;margin:0 5px 5px 0}.single-tag{margin-bottom:0}.slick-slider{position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;-webkit-touch-callout:none;-khtml-user-select:none;-ms-touch-action:pan-y;touch-action:pan-y;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}.slick-list{position:relative;display:block;overflow:hidden;margin:0;padding:0}.slick-list:focus{outline:none}.slick-slider .slick-track,.slick-slider .slick-list{-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);-moz-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);-ms-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);-o-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.slick-track{position:relative;top:0;left:0;display:block}.slick-track:before,.slick-track:after{display:table;content:''}.slick-track:after{clear:both}.slick-slide{display:none;float:left;height:100%;min-height:1px}.slick-initialized .slick-slide{display:block}@charset "UTF-8";@-webkit-keyframes fadeIn{0%{opacity:0}100%{opacity:1}}@-moz-keyframes fadeIn{0%{opacity:0}100%{opacity:1}}@keyframes fadeIn{0%{opacity:0}100%{opacity:1}}@-webkit-keyframes slideFade{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(10px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0px)}}@-moz-keyframes slideFade{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(10px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0px)}}@keyframes slideFade{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(10px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0px)}}.rtoc-mokuji-content{width:100%;max-width:700px;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;margin:40px auto;box-sizing:border-box}.rtoc-mokuji-content.frame2{width:100%;position:relative;padding-bottom:.1px}.rtoc-mokuji-content.frame2:before{position:absolute;content:"";border:4px solid #111;width:100%;height:100%;box-sizing:border-box;top:0;left:0;opacity:.15}.rtoc-mokuji-content #rtoc-mokuji-title{padding:32px 28px 8px;font-size:1.35em;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1.8}@media (min-width:1024px){.rtoc-mokuji-content #rtoc-mokuji-title{padding:40px 64px 16px;font-size:1.65em}}.rtoc-mokuji-content #rtoc-mokuji-title.rtoc_left{display:flex;text-align:left;align-items:center;flex-direction:row-reverse;justify-content:space-between}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji{padding:0;margin:0}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji.level-1{margin:0 28px 32px!important}@media (min-width:1024px){.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji.level-1{margin:0 64px 40px!important}}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji{padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none;transition:all .3s}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji li{position:relative;margin:0!important;line-height:1.55}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji li>a{display:inline-block;position:relative;text-decoration:none;transition:all .3s}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji li>a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji.level-1 li{font-size:.95em;list-style:none}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji.level-1{padding-left:1.3em;border:none!important}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji.level-1.decimal_ol{padding-left:1.3em}@media (max-width:767px){.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji.level-1{padding-left:1.5em}}.rtoc-mokuji-content .rtoc-mokuji.level-1 li{padding:16px 0 0}.rtoc-mokuji-content .decimal_ol{padding-left:0;counter-reset:rtoc-decimal-1;list-style:none}.rtoc-mokuji-content .decimal_ol>.rtoc-item{position:relative;counter-increment:rtoc-decimal-1}.rtoc-mokuji-content .decimal_ol>.rtoc-item:after{content:""!important;position:absolute;top:18px;left:12px;right:auto;bottom:auto;height:17px;width:1px;border-radius:1px}@media (min-width:768px){.rtoc-mokuji-content .decimal_ol>.rtoc-item:after{top:19px}}.rtoc-mokuji-content .decimal_ol>.rtoc-item:before{display:inline-block;content:counter(rtoc-decimal-1,decimal-leading-zero) "";position:absolute;left:-1.3em;top:16px;width:auto;height:auto;font-size:1.05em;font-weight:400;background-color:transparent!important;background:0 0;box-shadow:none}.rtoc-mokuji-content .decimal_ol>.rtoc-item>a{padding-left:1.35em}@media (min-width:1024px){.rtoc-mokuji-content .decimal_ol>.rtoc-item>a{padding-left:1.65em}}.rtoc-mokuji-content.rtoc_open #rtoc-mokuji-title{position:relative}.rtoc-mokuji-content.rtoc_open #rtoc-mokuji-title .rtoc_open_close{box-sizing:content-box;padding:8px 12px;font-size:10px;height:15px;line-height:1;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;border:none;background-color:#f2f2f2;cursor:pointer;letter-spacing:1px}@media (max-width:767px){.rtoc-mokuji-content.rtoc_open #rtoc-mokuji-title .rtoc_open_close{padding:7px 10px}}.rtoc-mokuji-content.rtoc_open #rtoc-mokuji-title .rtoc_open_close:focus{outline:0}.rtoc-mokuji-content.rtoc_open #rtoc-mokuji-title.rtoc_left .rtoc_open_close{left:calc(100% - 48px)}@media (min-width:1024px){.rtoc-mokuji-content.rtoc_open #rtoc-mokuji-title.rtoc_left .rtoc_open_close{left:calc(100% - 92px)}}.widget_block #rtoc-mokuji-widget-wrapper .rtoc-mokuji.level-1>.rtoc-item:not(:first-of-type),.widget #rtoc-mokuji-widget-wrapper .rtoc-mokuji.level-1>.rtoc-item:not(:first-of-type),#sideBarTracking #rtoc-mokuji-widget-wrapper .rtoc-mokuji.level-1>.rtoc-item:not(:first-of-type){padding-top:10px}.widget_block #rtoc-mokuji-widget-wrapper .rtoc-mokuji.level-1>.rtoc-item:not(:first-of-type):before,.widget #rtoc-mokuji-widget-wrapper .rtoc-mokuji.level-1>.rtoc-item:not(:first-of-type):before,#sideBarTracking #rtoc-mokuji-widget-wrapper .rtoc-mokuji.level-1>.rtoc-item:not(:first-of-type):before{top:13px}.widget_block #rtoc-mokuji-widget-wrapper .rtoc-mokuji.level-1>.rtoc-item:not(:first-of-type):after,.widget #rtoc-mokuji-widget-wrapper .rtoc-mokuji.level-1>.rtoc-item:not(:first-of-type):after,#sideBarTracking #rtoc-mokuji-widget-wrapper .rtoc-mokuji.level-1>.rtoc-item:not(:first-of-type):after{top:15px}
いよいよ日本でも遺伝子組み換え作物の栽培が始まる兆し!【FOOD NEWS ONLINE】 | AGRI FACT いよいよ日本でも遺伝子組み換え作物の栽培が始まる兆し!【FOOD NEWS ONLINE】
こんにちは、小島正美です。日本国内ではいまだ遺伝子組み換え(GM)作物の商業栽培が実現していません。しかし、その流れが変わる兆しが出てきました。
昨年12月16日、「いよいよ日本でも遺伝子組み換え(GM)作物の出番か~食料安全保障のあり方を考える生産者のホンネトーク」と題したセミナーが東京都内で行われました。おそらく日本で初めて、「どのようにしたら日本でGM作物を実際に栽培できるのか」が真剣に議論されました。一般にGM作物というと悪いイメージがあるせいか、はたして生産者が東京に集まるかどうかが注目されましたが、なんと北海道、青森、富山、茨城、福井、埼玉、兵庫、鳥取、宮崎など全国から生産者が集まりました。
日本の食料安全保障はこのままでよいのか、という危機感をもった生産者たちが、ようやくGM作物を有用な技術のひとつだと認識するようになってきたのではないか、と思わせるほど熱い議論が感じられました。
フィリピンでは小規模な農家がGMコーンで恩恵
16日のセミナーでスポットライトを浴びたのは、鳥取市で大規模にコメやトウモロコシなどを作る徳本修一さん(46)。ユーチューバーとして、また歌手としても知られ、全国に多くのファンをもつユニークな農業革命児です。徳本さんが作詞作曲した歌「I AM A FARMER」は名曲です。ぜひ聞いてください。
その徳本さんが昨年10月、第16回「汎アジア生産者交流プログラム」(クロップライフアジアなど3団体主催)に参加し、フィリピン(ルソン島)で害虫に強いGMトウモロコシ(虫を殺すBtタンパクをもったコーン)を栽培する農家を取材しました。セミナーでは、そのフィリピンの視察模様をコンパクトにまとめた動画「世界はこんなに進んでいる! アジア農業バイテク最前線」(ユーチューブで視聴可能)が上映されました。
その動画に登場するフィリピンの複数の農家の証言は驚くべきものです。農家の栽培面積は1~3ヘクタールほどしかありませんが、どの農家も「Btコーンを栽培してから農薬の使用量が減り、収量や収入が増えた」と一様に答えています。ついでながら、トウモロコシの葉や茎に含まれ、虫を殺すBtタンパクは有機農業でも使われており、人体に無害です。
これまでGM作物といえば、大規模な農家にとってはメリットがあるが、小規模な農家は巨大企業から高い種子を買わされ、搾取されるだけといった歪んだイメージがありましたが、それが全くの間違いだということが分かったわけです。
「インドで自殺が多い」も間違い
私も今回のフィリピンツアーに参加しましたが、実は2014年にもフィリピン(ルソン島)へ行き、Btコーンを栽培する農家や農協を取材したことがあります。このときも、どの農家も「農薬の使用量が減り、収入が増えた」と喜んでいました。今回のフィリピン視察ツアーでも、8年前と全く同じ声を聞くことができました。もはや「小規模な農家に対して、GM作物が大きな恩恵をもたらすことは確実だ」と確信するに至りました。
このアジア交流プログラムには、マレーシア、インドネシア、ベトナム、インドなどの農家やジャーナリストも参加していました。ベトナムから来ていた若い女性の農家は社交パーティーに出てもおかしくない美しい衣装で参加し、「GM作物で収入が増えた」と笑顔で答えていました。GM作物は農家の女性の自立にも役立つのです。
ネットでは、しばしば「インドで害虫抵抗性の組み換え綿(Btコットン)を栽培する農家の間では自殺が多い」(もちろん科学的な論文で否定されています)とのヘンな情報が流れていますが、インドから来た農業専門ジャーナリストにそのことを聞くと「そんなバカな。だれがそんなことを言っているんですか。根拠なしです」と即座に反論しました。
バングラデシュでは貧しい農家の健康向上にも貢献
一方、私は昨年から、オランダ人が「遺伝子組み換え作物の実像を知ってほしい」との思いで製作した映画「WELL FED」の上映会を行ってきました。その映画にはバングラデシュの貧しい農家が登場します。しかし、害虫に強い組み換えナスを栽培する農家たちは一様に「組み換えナスを栽培してから、殺虫剤の使用が減り、以前より健康を心配しなくて済むようになった。収入も増えた」と証言しています。
これらの事実を見れば、もはや途上国の小規模農家にとって、GM作物のメリットは否定のしようがなく、巨大企業がGM作物で貧しい農家を圧迫しているという情報は根拠なき偽情報だといえます。
「日本バイオ作物ネットワーク」(仮称)発足
こうした恩恵が分かった以上、日本の農業生産者が「ならば、GM作物が日本でどこまで役に立つかを検証してみたい」と思うのは自然の成り行きです。日本では現在、100種類を超える遺伝子組み換え品種(大豆、トウモロコシ、ナタネ、テンサイなど)の栽培が法律で認められています。法的にはだれでも自由に栽培できるのです。
ただ残念なのは、国内の企業や公的機関が開発した国産のGM品種はひとつもありません。例外として、農研機構が開発した「スギ花粉症に効果のある遺伝子組み換え稲」は存在しますが、厚生労働省が医薬品とみなしたため、素晴らしい稲ながら、実用化は極めて困難という状況です。
とはいえ、日本はすでにGM大豆やトウモロコシ、ナタネなどを海外から大量に輸入し、家畜の飼料や食用油などの原料に使っています。そうならば、同じ組み換え作物を日本の農家が国内で作れないはずはありません。つまり、フィリピンの農家が栽培していた害虫抵抗性のBtコーンを日本国内でも家畜飼料向けに作ることはできるはずです。
このセミナーをきっかけに徳本さんらが中心となって、GM作物の国内栽培の実現を目指す「日本バイオ作物ネットワーク」(仮称)が誕生しました。どこでどのようなGM作物なら、日本で栽培できるかをさぐっていくのが目的です。近くクラウドファンディングで資金集めと情報交換を展開するようです。こうした動きを見ていると、いよいよ日本でもGM作物の栽培が始まる予兆を感じます。具体的な活動計画が決まったら、その都度、報告していきたいと思います。
※FOOD NEWS ONLINE「第74回 いよいよ日本でも遺伝子組み換え作物の栽培が始まる兆し!」を許可を得て転載(一部再編集)
小島正美のフードニュース。ジャーナリストの小島正美が、食の安心安全と健康のお役立ち情報をお届けします
筆者小島正美(「食品安全情報ネットワーク」共同代表) |
- コラム・マンガ, FOOD NEWS ONLINE
- 農業, JA(農業協同組合), FOOD NEWS ONLINE, 小島正美, 自然, 徳本修一, 遺伝子, GM作物, セミナー, 厚生労働省, 映画, 有機農業, 殺虫剤, 農家, 農薬, 遺伝, 遺伝子組換え, 食品安全情報ネットワーク